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Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 57(5): 5-13, sep.-dic. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-957011

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El consentimiento informado es un documento escrito firmado por el paciente o su representante legal en el que acepta, bajo debida información otorgada por el médico, los riesgos y beneficios esperados. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de conocimiento del consentimiento informado en los pacientes de un hospital general de zona. Método: Encuesta transversal. Se estudiaron 220 pacientes (tamaño muestral determinado) hospitalizados por tamaño muestral, seleccionados por aleatorización sistemática en los servicios de cirugía, pediatría y medicina interna. Se construyó y aplicó un instrumento válido y consistente con 13 reactivos (validado por dos anestesiólogos, un pediatra, un urgenciólogo y un intensivista en dos rondas, miembros del Comité de Bioética) que indagaban edad, género, escolaridad, autorización y tipo de atención médica, responsable legal, lectura completa del documento, causas de no lectura, información médica previa firma. Variable dependiente: conocimiento general (una pregunta con 5 reactivos, un punto para cada uno si se conocía qué indagaban las características del consentimiento), los resultados se clasificaron como sabe mucho 5 puntos, sabe poco 2 a 3 puntos, y no sabe 0 a 1 puntos y además del trato del personal hospitalario. Encuesta autoaplicada. Se incluyeron documentos con las firmas del paciente, del médico, dos testigos y procedimiento a autorizar. Se eliminaron encuestas incompletas. Las encuestas se cotejaron con el expediente. Se determinó la consistencia del instrumento y se compararon las respuestas cualitativas por chi cuadrada. Resultados: Se estudiaron 74 pacientes por servicio; 26% ignoraba el consentimiento informado y 63% tuvo poco conocimiento, aun así 62% lo firmó. Sólo 56% de los expedientes tuvieron consentimiento considerado válido. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes ignora a qué se refiere el consentimiento informado, pero aun así lo firman. El índice de consentimientos informados en los expedientes fue deficiente.


Abstract Introduction: The informed consent is a written document signed by the patient or by his legal representative, in which risks and benefits are understood and accepted, once the physician has informed them about medical procedures to be performed. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about the informed consent in patients from a general hospital. Methods: Transversal survey. 220 hospitalized patients of surgery from pediatrics and internal medicine wards were studied, sampling was chosen randomly, systematically and by ward. A validated and consistent instrument was applied consisting of 13 questions (validated by two anesthesiologists, one pediatrician, one emergency physician and one intensive care physician in two rounds, which were members of the Bioethics Committee), that explored age, genre, education, authorization and type of medical care, the legal responsible, full reading of the document, reasons for not reading, and medical information before signature. The general knowledge was the dependent variable (explored through a question with five possible answers, each one worth one point, that analyzed the document characteristics, classifying results as "knows a lot" with five points, "knows little" two to three points and "doesn't know" with 0 to one point. The survey was self-applied. A document was valid when it included the signatures of the patient, the physician, and two witnesses, as well as the proposed procedure. Incomplete surveys were eliminated. The surveys were compared to the clinical file. The consistency was determined and the qualitative answers were compared through chi-square. Results: 74 patients by service; 26% had no knowledge about the informed consent, 63% had limited knowledge, even though 62% signed the document. Only 56% of the clinical files had a valid informed consent. Conclusion: the majority of patients ignore the informed consent, although they still sign it. The rate of informed consents present in clinical files was deficient.

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